Most of new generation diesel engines come with turbochargers and we call it turbocharged diesel engine. A turbocharger is a unit combined with a compressor and turbine coupled on same axle. Hot gases with high velocity are output of combustion stroke which are directed to exhaust. In case of turbocharged engines, this exhaust is directed to turbine. With high velocity and pressure of exhaust gases turbine rotates, on other side of turbine a compressor is attached which compresses the fresh air to engine to high pressure and high temperature.
As temperature of inlet gases increases its overall volume going inside a combustion chamber reduces. Here an intercooler helps to reduce temperature of inlet air, now this air is at low temperature and high pressure. For same opening of inlet valve because of high pressure more air enters inside cylinder, in other words more CHARGE goes to combustion. This helps in giving higher output power with reduced emissions. Till now we are known to turbocharged diesel engines, why not petrol turbocharged engines, the only reason is compression ratio for diesel and petrol engines.
As more charge enters in combustion cycle, overall compression ratio increases for turbocharged engines. There are many advantages of turbo-charging petrol engines and few disadvantages too. Turbocharger increases overall engine temperature, and thermal stresses on engine block which affects badly to total engine life. But to meet future euro emission norms manufactures like Ford found a smart technology called Ford Eco-Boost engines, Fiat named it as T-Jet engines. Advantages of turbo-charging petrol engines are, we get higher power from small capacity engines, e.g. 1.4 liter engine give power output of 1.6 liter engine.
Recent example of such engine in Indian market is Fiat Linea T-Jet 1.4 which has power output of 114bhp. Not only overall power out but also many more advantaged of turbo petrol engines. When 1.4 liter engine gives output of 1.6 liter engine, the weight of car reduces and hence more miles per gallon with better performance. Increase in overall combustion temperature makes these engines are environment friendly. Ford claims with eco-boost engines there is 20% increase in fuel efficiency, 15% less CO2 emissions and improved overall engine performance.
New Linea T-jet follows same figures in case of fuel efficiency, emission norms and overall engine performance. Till now only engines displacing 1.4 liters and above are in the market with turbocharged gasoline technology. Soon there will be bang with small capacity engines with better fuel economy and reduced emission to follow Euro 6 norms. Turbo charging : A way ahead for petrol engines.
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